Provider: Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic TY - JOUR JO - Anthropologie (Brno) TI - Culture: What can anthropologists and chimpanzees teach us? AU - Rapchan ES Y1 - 2011 VL - 49 IS - 1 PB - Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic SN - 0323-1119 SP - 1 EP - 12 KW - Culture definition KW - Chimpanzee cultures KW - Nature KW - Culture relations KW - Symbolic skills KW - Human evolution N2 - N2 - This article discusses the notion of culture, applied specifically to research on chimpanzee behaviour. Some primatologists assert that chimpanzees also have culture, based on the criteria of experience, transmission, tradition, and variability. These findings have a significant impact on longstanding assumptions held by scholars in sociocultural anthropology and the biosciences on the roles of nature and culture, not only for humans, but also for other species for whom collective life and intelligence are strategic resources for survival. The central question in this debate is the following: given recent findings on chimpanzee behaviour, is it possible to assert that there are chimpanzee cultures despite a century of sociocultural anthropological research privileging human cultures? This article seeks to answer this question, taking into account the debate about symbols and symbolic production among human and non-human primates. ER -