FOLIA ETHNOGRAPHICA 41/2007

Abstract
IRENA ŠTĚPÁNOVÁ - Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Ústav etnologie, Praha
The correspondece between the Czech literary historian Arne Novák and his mother – writer Teréza Nováková in the years 1901-1912 concerning the feminism.

KEY WORDS: Novák, Arne – Nováková, Teréza – Czech female movement – journal „Ženský svět“.

Abstract
HELENA BERÁNKOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno
Amálie Kožmínová, a teacher of women works by profession, made an educational mission in the 1919 in Carpathian Ruthenia, to order of the Czechoslovak government. Used a photographic camera to document the culture in the region, that had been a few weeks before annexed to the newly established Czechoslovakia. Published the fruit of her researches in the monograph. The contribution deals with a view on her life story and focused on her photographic work.

KEY WORDS: folk culture – Carpathian Ruthenia – gender – field research and photographs – photographs’ list

Abstract
KAREL ALTMAN - Etnologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky, Brno
Female attendants (waitresses) were introduced as soon as in the 19th century by some innkeepers to increase the attendance of their houses the clients of which were exclusively men. These publicans got into conflict with their colleagues stressing other ways of satisfying the needs of their guests, as well as with waiters represented by their professional organisations that saw in the female attendants a danger for their own existence.

KEY WORDS: Czech lands – public houses – female work – female emancipation

Abstract
ALENA KALINOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno
The Ladies’ educational association Vesna (founded 1870 in Brno) deployed its activities in the field of female education aiming to the emancipation of women in the society. Having reached the primary goal, the leader of the association, E. Machová, focused on social problems. In 1899 a female home was established in Brno that took care of orphans and abandoned children, run a boarding school for Vesna female students and pupils of its own courses, included a servants registry and dormitory and since 1907 a nursery. It also kept several homes outside Brno. It had to raise money for its operating itself. The present paper is based on information on the beginnings of the home from the memorial book kept in the Brno City Archives.

KEY WORDS: The Ladies’ educational association Vesna – social care – orphans and abandoned children – boarding school – Marie Steyskalová – Eliška Machová – 1901–1918

Abstract
LENKA NOVÁKOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno
Soon after the foundation of the Ladies‘ Educational Association Vesna, Eliška Machová became one of its leading personalities for a period of 20 years. She took part in its running and co-ordinated its extensive activities concerning not only woman rights but also the struggle for the national conciousness and the orientation towards collecting of folk textile and ceramics. The paper presents the personality of Eliška Machová through photographs, period press and memories of her contemporaries, colleagues and then pupils. The proofs have been collected during the grant project.

KEY WORDS: Eliška Machová – Vesna – emancipation movement

Abstract
JANA STRÁNÍKOVÁ - Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Pardubice, Katedra historických věd a Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Slawistik
The paper describes the possibilities of the social rise of children from small-town families on the example of the Šembera family from Vysoké Mýto. For the daughter Františka, the way into a higher class through education was closed. All the four brothers, Jan, František, Josef and Alois Vojtěch achieved a certain social rise thanks to education. The youngest Alois Vojtěch was the most successful, among others thanks to the support of his older brothers Jan and František who became priests and worked in various communities.

KEY WORDS: Education – girls and boys – small-town family – Bohemia

Abstract
ĽUBICA CHORVÁTHOVÁ - Muzeologický kabinet Slovenského národného múzeá, Bratislava
In local customs and rituals both genders fulfilled specific roles. Asymmetrical model of women’s and men’s behaviour is except of their different biological functions codified by social and cultural traditions. Burial ritual concealed inside it two contradictory, but mutually complementary syncretic lines – pre-Christian (pagan) and Christian one, composed of two contradictory conglomerats of beliefs. The paper analyzes gender roles in burial ritual in the 19th–29th C. Slovakia and discovers that in spite of lowered women status in society of that period, women played very significant, even though not dominant role in burial ritual.

KEY WORDS: asymmetrical model of behaviour, different biological functions, specific gender roles of men and women in local burial ritual, vampirism, ritualization of death, death taboos, preparing for death, dynamics of gender relations in death ritual

Abstract
ALEXANDRA NAVRÁTILOVÁ - Etnologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky, Brno
The paper deals with gender positions and roles in the prototypes of the masters of wedding ceremony – the best man und the brideswoman. Based on writen sources from the 18th and 19th centuries it shows the different perception of the function of these masters of ceremony and the equality/unequality of their position.

KEY WORDS: Traditional wedding – main masters of ceremony – gender relations – Bohemia and Moravia

Abstract
EVA VEČERKOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno
In the 19th and the early 20th centuries, the wedding tree was in Moravia an important part of country weddings. It was decorated with pastry, nuts, apples and paper ornaments. The bride received it from her female relatives and her godmother. It was an attribute of the bride and of the wedding procession, it symbolised the bride’s virginity and single status as well as the irreversible change in her life implied by shaking down the fruit and ornaments or distribution of the branches to the wedding guests. Besides the real green tree, various wooden constructions remaining the tree were used in following periods.

KEY WORDS: Wedding – wedding tree – Moravia – 19th and 20th centuries