FOLIA ETHNOGRAPHICA 42/2008

Abstract
ALENA KŘÍŽOVÁ - Filozofická fakulta Masarykovy univerzity, Ústav evropské etnologie, Brno

The article deals with state symbols created for the new Czechoslovak state; their artistic form was influenced by the national decorative style and the folk culture. KEY WORDS: National decorative style, folk plastic culture, state symbols

Abstract
ALENA KALINOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno

After 1918 a new economic, social and etnic structure of the independent Czechoslovak state has been created. The production of hand made ceramics continues under new conditions. The article deals with the production of painted ceramics in the tradition of folklorism that follows up with the local handicraft of folk faience (e.g. Tupesy, Ratíškovice, Mařatice, H. Landsfeld) or decorates the factory made earthenware (Folk paintig workshop in Telč) or porcelaine (workshops in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm) with „folk“ ornaments. In the concerned period single potters were working on the whole of Moravian territory many of whom concentrated on stove-fittig or modernized their production with earthenware and half-earthenware. The largest centre of the production of this ceramics was the town Kunštát with surroundings. The list of workshops elaborated on the initiative of the Office for supporting handicrafts in Brno informs about the situation of ceramics production in Moravia in 1940–1941; the list has been kept in the archives of the Ethnographic Institute of the Moravian Museum. KEY WORDS: Ceramics, hand made production, Moravia, folklorism, 1918–1945.

Abstract
VLASTA SVOBODOVÁ - Brno

The article deals with the development of Czech ethnographic cinematography in three periods between WWI and WWII in connection with the evolution of film techniques et actors‘ films. An important change in the conception of film and enthography occured in the early 1930s – the film was considered on one hand as a document of the phenomenons of the folk culture and on the other hand as a research method in ethnography. KEY WORDS: Ethnographic film – 1918–1945 – Czechoslovakia

Abstract
BLANKA PETRÁKOVÁ - Muzeum jihovýchodní Moravy, Zlín

In the first two decades of the 20th century the Luhačovice spa was an important cultural, social and patriotic centre. Several prominent personalities met there and coordinated their capacities and endeavour to build up – within a couple of years – an unprecedented modern spa in slavonic style. These personalities were first of all František Veselý, Dušan Jurkovič, Cyril Holuby, Pavol Blaho and Antonín Václavík. After the creation of Czechoslovakia the centre of patriotic motivated activities was transfered to Slovakia. KEY WORDS: Spa Luhačovice, František Veselý, Dušan Jurkovič, Cyril Holuby, Pavol Blaho, Antonín Václavík, permanent exhibition in Martin, collection from the region Luhačovické Zálesí

Abstract
JARMILA PECHOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brn

The article deals with the situation of Czech and German craftsmen and traders after die foundation of the independent Czechoslovak Republic and in the first years of its existence. It conforms their expectations and requirements with the reality. KEY WORDS: Czechoslovak Republic – requirements of craftsmen and traders – State Trade Council – organisations – periodicals – conventions – German traders

Abstract
JAN RYCHLÍK - Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha
MAGDALÉNA RYCHLÍKOVÁ - Náprstkovo muzeum, Praha

The region of Moravian Slovakia and of Slovenské Záhorie, belonged in the past to two different countries: to the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and to the Kingdom of Hungary. Under the rule of the Hapsburgs these countries were united into the personal union with Austria and the border was walk-through. Controls at the border were abolished in 1857. In the period of Czechoslovakia the frontier was only an administrave one. After the division of Czechoslovakia in 1993 the border remained open. The population of Moravian Slovakia have had a special regional identity and have considered themselves as Moravian Slovaks. In Slovenské Záhorie the regional identity has prevailed over the national one as well. KEY WORDS: border, national identity, Moravian Slovakia, Záhorie

Abstract
ZORA VANOVIČOVÁ - Ústav etnológie Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava

The author describes folkloric research in Slovakia focusing since the 1960s on the reflection of certain personnalities of the Czechoslovak Republic in the Slovak folklore (M. R. Štefánik, T. G. Masaryk, Jan Masaryk, Alica Masaryková, Charlotta G. Masaryková). In the historic evolution they have become state and national symbols. The author characterizes the changes in their perception under various regimes, as well as the connection of their folkloric image with politics and confession. Through these facts the authority of symbol-like personnalities have been reflected until present into mutual relations of Slovaks and Czechs. KEY WORDS: folklore, symbol – state symbol, national symbol, symbol-like personnality, Czechoslovakia

Abstract
VIERA FEGLOVÁ - Katedra etnológie a etnomuzikológie UKF v Nitre

The author depictes the mosaic of synchronous pictures of situations in Bratislava in the period from the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic till the Proclamation of the Slovak Republic. She draws from representative testimonies of witnesses, news in printed periodicals, memoirs, and diaries. All these sources show the feelings of contact, search of commun topics in municipal festivities, but also the segmentation of the society into ethnic, confessional and professional layers based on the historic and social evolution of the population in Bratislava. KEY WORDS: Urban ethnology – social and ethnic positions of the population – foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic – Bratislava

Abstract
DANIEL LUTHER - Ústav etnológie Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava

The article deals with the period of the break-up of the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy after WWI when the integration of Bratislava into the Czechoslovak state was decided. This period was filled with many dramatic events because the main community in the city were German and Hungarian citizens who revolted against the decision of the winning The Entente Powers to separate the city from the historic Hungarian kingdom. The Czecho-slovak army had to occupy the city. The Bolshevik revolution in Hungary, a massive immigration of Czech and Slovak population and the establishment of a democratic political system contributed to calming down the situation. KEY WORDS: Ethnic diversity, identity, social conflict, Bratislava

Abstract
PETER SALNER - Ústav etnológie Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava

The article deals with the situation of the Jewish community in the period of the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic, its attitude towards the monarchy resp. to the new state. Special attention is paid to reactions of the community to violences occured in western and middle Slovakia. The activities of the Jewish guard in Bratislava is also mentioned. Finally the author states that the Torah has formed the historic awareness of the Jews whereas the life in the diaspora directs the community more towards the present as towards the past. The community as a whole does not assign primary importance to emotional facts such as the name of the state in which they live, its historiy or area. The member of the community stress pragmaticly the character of the political system, the mesure of democracy, the economic prosperity and stability of the society. Just thanks to this approach the break-up of the monarchy or that of Czechoslovakia has meant for Jews no such trauma, as one could suppose due to their first reactions KEY WORDS: Break-up of the monarchy, foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic, conquest of Bratislava, Jewish guard, pogroms

Abstract
EVA VEČERKOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno

The tradition of the Christmas tree has a familiar and a social part. The decorated tree with presents has become the centre of the family festivity and the newly created tradition (decorating and lightening the tree, distribution of the presents). It is connected with older customs related to the celebration of Christ‘s Birth (nativity scenes under the tree, Christmas songs). The Christmas tree has been part of Christmas celebrations in the family since the beginning of the 20th century (after the WWI) as a common tradition. The introduction of the tree into family homes has been facilitated through festivities with tree and presents for children organized by associations and schools since the mid-19th century. The first public Christmas tree as symbol of Christmas open-handedness to the benefit of unprovided children was erected in Czechoslovakia for the first time in Brno in 1924 on the initiative of the writer Rudof Těsnohlídek. The proceeds of the charitable donations under the tree enabled the construction of the home Dagmar for abanoned children a couple of years later. KEY WORDS: Christmas tree – territory of the tradition, spiritual and social meaning – Czech Republic

Abstract
LENKA NOVÁKOVÁ - Etnografický ústav Moravského zemského muzea, Brno

The article deals with die phenomenon of the folklore costume and its history that starts in the mid-19th century. It describes its products, initially without success, but later very popular with the large public thanks to skillful designers. It shows that its renaissance was due to patriotism. The final part of the article describes the collection of folklore costumes in the Ethnographic Institute of the Moravian Museum. KEY WORDS: Folklore costume – cloths – collections of the Ethnographic Institute of the Moravian Museum

Abstract
KAREL ALTMAN - Etnologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky, Brno

Relatively small archives collections may be of great importance for the clarification of the circumstances of the ethnographic movement and ethnologic work. Mořic Remeš not only acted as intermediary in the publication of the texts from the literary remains of Františka Stránecká, but also transmitted his own records to Čeněk Zíbrt, a prominent personality of the Czech ethnology of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. KEY WORDS: History of ethnography, personalities of the Czech ethnology, cemetery inscriptions

Abstract
ALENA SCHAUEROVÁ - Filozofická fakulta Masarykovy univerzity, Brno

The article deals with the application of folk traditions, especially of folclore, in the educational scheme of inter-war Czechoslovak schools. The description of this phenomenon is based on the analysis of curriculums, schoolbooks and specialised periodicals. It shows the important place of folklore in teaching and education of the young generation. The author deals also with the evolution of the concept of folk traditions in school teaching in the inter-war period. KEY WORDS: National character of school, national education, national cultural environment, regional culture, curricula, textbooks, school subjets, folk culture traditions, folklore

Abstract
JIŘINA LANGHAMMEROVÁ - Národní muzeum – Národopisné oddělení Historického muzea, Praha

The author describes the history of the Ethnographic Museum Prague and mentions three main points of its activities: the importance of the Czecho-slavonic Ethnographic Exhibition 1895 that brought together the core if its collections, setting up the agricultural exhibition and the impact of the important Czech ethnographer Drahomíra Stránská. KEY WORDS: Ethnographic Museum Prague – museum concept und its evolution – 1st half of the 20th century