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ACTA MUSEI MORAVIAE - SCIENTIAE SOCIALES 90/2005
ABSTRACT
NOVÁ NALEZIŠTĚ STAROPALEOLITICKÝCH VALOUNOVÝCH
INDUSTRIÍ NA JIŽNÍ MORAVĚ
LES NOUVEAUX SITES D’INDUSTRIES A GALETS DU PALEOLITHIQUE
INFERIEUR EN MORAVIE DU SUD
KAREL VALOCH - MZM ANTHROPOS
The existence of the Lower Paleolithic pebble-tools was stated in South Moravia in the last 30 years. They have been collected on the Surface of either Lower Pleistocene or Early Middle Pleistocene fluvial Gravels or Miocene marine sediments. The worked boulders originate always from local sources. In the last time, A. Otta has discovered several new sites where he has found typical flakes, cores, polyhedrons, pics, chopping-tools and choppers made mostly from quartz.
KEY WORDS: South Moravia, Lower Paleolithic, Pebble tools.
ABSTRACT
TECHNOLOGIE MICOQUIENU V JESKYNI KŮLNĚ
MICOQUIAN TECHNOLOGY FROM KŮLNA CAVE (SLOUP, SOUTH MORAVIA)
PETR NERUDA - MZM ANTHROPOS
Micoquian collections from the Kůlna cave newly specify the share of the various methods of stone tool production in the operation chain. Author has managed to describe different variants of the discoid and prismatic method and the method of direct shaping in layers 7c, 7a, 6a. The analysis is complemented with a reconstruction of the raw material distribution model of the individual Micoquian layers. The share of blades significantly increases in the later periods. The characteristic features of Micoquian in Moravia include a relatively high degree of standardisation, deepening over time and finally reaching the stage comparable with the following Upper Palaeolitic cultures.
Key words: Micoquian, technology, typology, raw materials, distribution
ABSTRACT
ŠTÍPANÁ INDUSTRIE MAGDALÉNIENU Z JESKYNĚ KŮLNY
CHIPPED INDUSTRY OF THE MAGDALENIAN FROM THE KŮLNA CAVE
PETR KOSTRHUN - MZM ANTHROPOS
The dynamic and technological analysis of the chipped stone industry from Magdalenian layers (layers 5 & 6) of the Kůlna Cave in the Moravian Karst has shown local raw materials to prevail in the phase of preparation. This demonstrates the processing of these raw materials right inside the cave. The dominant northern flints were brought to the site in a prepared form. Silicites from both northern Moravia and southern and central Poland show a direct link between the population of the Moravian Karst and settlements of Polish Magdalenian. This may indicate the direction of dispersal of the Magdalenian Culture into the Moravian Karst area. There were made attempts to discover the spatial division of the site (raw material processing areas, hearths).
KEY WORDS: Kůlna cave, Moravian karst, chipped industry, lithic technology, raw material economy, raw material distribution, Magdalenian
ABSTRACT
ŠTÍPANÁ INDUSTRIE Z JESKYNĚ PEKÁRNY (MOKRÁ)
V MORAVSKÉM KRASU
THE CHIPPED INDUSTRY FROM THE PEKÁRNA CAVE (MOKRÁ) IN THE MORAVIAN KARST
SYLVIE VOLÁKOVÁ - ARCHEOLOGICKÝ ÚSTAV AV ČR V PRAZE
One of the Easternmost Magdalenian sites in Europe, the Pekárna Cave has been known archaeologically for almost 125 years. In several excavation campaigns of varied methodological and technical level, Pekárna yielded, among other artifacts, more than 20.000 pieces of chipped stone industry that have been analyzed only recently from the technological and typological point of view. An attempt to reconstruct the find situation on the basis of the preserved field documentation by means of modern computer technologies (GIS) has been undertaken. The effort proved successful in indicating the concentrations of the stone artifacts, and at the same time it enabled some considerations about the vertical and horizontal stratigraphy of the site.
KEY WORDS: Magdalenian, chipped industry, raw material economy, spatial analysis, Pekárna cave, Moravian karst
ABSTRACT
VÝZKUM PRAVĚKÉ TĚŽBY ROHOVCE V KRUMLOVSKÉM LESE
PREHISTORIC CHERT EXTRACTION IN THE KRUMLOV FOREST, SOUTHERN MORAVIA
MARTIN OLIVA - MZM ANTHROPOS
Since the early nineties, the Anthropos Institute of the Moravian Museum in Brno has been surveying the prehistoric mining of Jurassic chert in the region of the Krumlovský les (Krumlov Forest) in southern Moravia. This research follows the recent identification of this area as one of the largest mining areas in prehistoric Europe, both due to the extent of its distribution, and its excellent state of preservation. In the Krumlov Forest, then, we witness local tradition in a specific activity that has been here from Neolithic until Hallstatt Age. Parallel with incresing the volume of mining, the utility dimension of that activity was gradually vanishing. Thus the tradition of these mass actions was carried on by the spiritual significance of this extraction area. It will be necessary to admit that the symbolic work was not only aimed at producing conspicuous monuments (such as megalithic or hypertrophied defensive constructions) to astonish the world of the living, but that most probably it also addressed the underground world of the dead. Krumlovský les probably conceals the answers to questions which archaeology has not been able to formulate.
KEY WORDS: Krumlovský les, chert mining, symbolic work, sacred landscape, Neolithic, Early Bronze age, Hallstatt age
ABSTRACT
PAPOUŠEK NA RANĚ STŘEDOVĚKÉ PLAKETĚ ZE STARÉHO MĚSTA
PARROT ON AN EARLY MEDIEVAL PLAQUE FROM STARÉ MĚSTO
JIŘÍ MLÍKOVSKÝ - Zoologické oddělení Národního muzea
The bird illustrated on an early Medieval plaque from Staré Město-Špitálky was believed to be a bird of prey used for falconry since the discovery of the plaque in 1955. However, it is a parrot from the genus Psittacula, probably Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria). Historical sources indicate, that parrots could had been imported to Europe in the given time period.
KEY WORDS: Great Moravia, Staré Město, 9th century, plaque, rider motif, parrot
ABSTRACT
PŘEVORSTVÍ HAVLA Z LEMBERKA (1337–1366).
THE PRIORY OF HAVEL FROM LEMBERK (1337–1366)
JIŘÍ MITÁČEK - Historické oddělení MZM
Although the German Hospitallers tended to reunite the Czech and German priories after the death of Michal from Týnec (1325–1337), the Czech province voted for a new prior Havel from Lemberk. Havel from Lemberk stood in the head of the Czech province for 30 years (1337–1366). He didn’t fulfil these years by serving the King. He hardly ever appears near the court, but he intensively worked as his province administrator, as we can see from large number of charters, talking about small donations, purchases and other operations with the Order’s possession. The Order kept and strengthened its prestigious position in minds of Czech gentry and also burghers, who gained marvellous influence inside the Order. The Order of Hospitallers, although under strong influence of the Order’s Centre, the Pope and the King’s court, built stronger and more solid economic background in the Czech province. Thanks to the growing prestige of the Order among the land gentry and burghers the Order created good position for future economic and political rise in the Czech lands and also for its own policy, carried on in 1380s and 1390s.
KEY WORDS: Kingdom of Bohemia – 14th century – The Order of Saint John
ABSTRACT
VÝZNAM TYPOLOGIE POSTAV A JEJICH PODOBY V KONTINUITĚ
VÝVOJE ČESKÉHO LOUTKOVÉHO DIVADLA
THE MEANING OF CHARACTER TYPOLOGY AND CHARACTER FORMS WITHIN
THE EVOLUTIONARY CONTINUITY OF CZECH PUPPET THEATRE
JAROSLAV BLECHA - Oddělení dějin divadla Moravského zemského muzea, Brno (MK00009486202)
A demand for high-quality and realistically designed marionettes increased in the Czech lands during the 19th century, together with the boom of puppet families, resulting in a unique increase in marionette production. The interest in carved traditionalist puppets grew even stronger with the commencement of amateur puppetry which adopted the scenographic practice of itinerant theatre. The puppets that have been preserved show many common and almost constant features, supporting a certain performance convention. The principle of traditional marionette production of the first half of the 20th century can be supported by the works of J. Chochol junior from Prague-Podolí. A unique drawing workbook of puppet heads by E. Christián, painter, served J. Chochol as a binding pattern book of the different types. The book is an astonishing proof of stabilized typology and visual form of the characters of Czech marionette theatre.
KEY WORDS: Czech puppetry, puppet theatre, travelling marionette theatre, marionette, puppet, carver, carving,
tradition, convention, typology, pattern, Chochol, Christián, Krob, Münzberg.