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ACTA MUSEI MORAVIAE - SCIENTIAE SOCIALES 92/2007
ABSTRACT
MARTIN OLIVA, MZM – ANTHROPOS
This small collection is interesting in containing elements of at least two different chronological horizons although coming from a quite inconspicuous site that lacks local sources of raw materials. The older component is represented by slightly rounded and yellowish patinated artefacts 1–5 with Levalloid elements, made of a specific chert breccia variety. The remaining artefacts of fresh surface can be evaluated in connection with the rich Aurignacian settlement of the present Vedrovice district.
KEY WORDS: Middle Palaeolithic, Aurignacian, Krumlovský les, Jurassic chert
ABSTRACT
MICHAELA ZELINKOVÁ, ÚSTAV ANTHROPOLOGIE PŘF MU
This study concerns non-dietary utilization of hunting game from Gravettian site Dolní Věstonice I. Although originally was in the collection placed over 450 artefacts, just part of them could be because of the bad state of preservation determined as artefacts. Preliminary research of Gravettian collection of bone artefacts brought informations dealing with usance of raw material, its preferention, the way of its treatement and utilization, which all contribute to the reconstruction of way of life and strategies of then people. For the manufacture of bone tools standardized high-level technics were used. Certain typological classes of artefacts were manufactured by the same methods, which can indicate carefully worked-out manufacturing system. From the typological point of view are represented classical Pavlovian osseous tools.
KEY WORDS: Dolní Věstonice, Gravettian, Pavlovian, Bone tools, Technology, Typology, Zooarchaeology
ABSTRACT
KAREL VALOCH, MZM – ANTHROPOS
The Upper Palaeolithic settlement in Kostenki-on-Don shows extraordinary stability for almost 30 thousand years. Through this period, 21 sites concentrated on relatively small area of 3 km2 experienced several tens of settlement events of various humans with different cultural and technology-typological traditions. There is not documented existence of the Middle Palaeolithic in this microregion and it is separated from other Middle and Upper Palaeolithic agglomeration by several hundreds kilometres. Another exemple, the rockshelter Crvena Stijena in Monte Negro, though completely isolated in the karst countryside, was populated for approximately 150 000 years up to the Neolithic.
KEY WORDS: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, Settlement stability, Kostenki, Russia, Montenegro, Moravia.
ABSTRACT
KAREL VALOCH, MZM – ANTHROPOS
In 1981 there were dug four trenches on site „Plavatisko“ over the caves in Mladeč to find out the stratigraphic position of the Gravettian artefact findings. Even though the result was negative, the existence of the loess and the fosil soil in the area of the supposed cave chimney entering may influence questions linked with deposition of human remains in the cave.
KEY WORDS: Mladeč-„Plavatisko“ site, Mladeč Cave, Upper Palaeolihic, Stratigraphic trenches.
ABSTRACT
PETR NERUDA – ZDEŇKA NERUDOVÁ – KAREL VALOCH, MZM – ANTHROPOS
s příspěvky G. Dreslerové, M. Svenssonové a M. Horsáka
During 2001 and 2002 years Anthropos Institute of Moravian Museum carried out the rescue excavation of Puklinová cave, situated in the Říčky valey area of Moravian Karst. A non-license speleology excavation dislocated the holocene and pleistocene sediments containing fragments of human and animal bones, one dentalium and two chipped stone pieces.
KEY WORDS: Moravian Karst, Říčka valley, Human tremains, Paleontology, Pleistocene, Eneolithic; RC dating
ABSTRACT
KATARZYNA KASPROWSKA1 – KRZYSZTOF CYREK2 – MAGDALENA SUDOŁ2 – GRZEGORZ OSIPOWICZ2, 1 UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, SOSNOWIEC,
2 UNIVERSITY OF NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, TORUŃ
Puklinová Cave was the object of excavation surveys carried out by archaeologists from Ústav Anthropos of Moravian Museum in Brno. Their continuation was initiated by Department of Geomorphology of University of Silesia in Sosnowiec and other institutions in Poland. The research was of probing-verifying character. A radiolarite flake discovered in stratum 4, in a direct vicinity of a concentration of charcoals and wood dust, makes an interesting, although a single, find.. The damage traces visible on the artifact allow to assume it had been used as a meat cutter.
The sequence of four 14C dates (level 3: 2680+-70 BP (Ki-13175), level 4a: 2720+-70 BP (Ki-13176), level 4a: 2900+-100 BP (Ki-13177) logically composes with the stratigraphy of individual strata from the site, and two older dates relate to finds from stratum 4a. In conventional calendar years it would be the period between 1220 and 800 BC. This, with the assumption, that hearth relics, the flake and fragments of human skeleton come from the same cultural level (which seems to be proved by the stratigraphy of the finds), the finds can be identified with the Late Bronze Age.
KEY WORDS: Puklinová Cave, Geology, Archaeology, Paleo-botany, Bones of Homo sapiens sapiens, Stone flake, Late Bronze Age.
ABSTRACT
TOMASZ KOZŁOWSKI, NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, TORUŃ
Bone remains, preliminarily qualified as human ones, were the subject of the present analysis. They were discovered in 2005, during excavation survey in the Puklinová Cave in Moravia (Czech Republic). The inventory includes two teeth and two phalanxes. The analysed remains without doubt should be considered as human. The teeth, in terms of the size of crown and prong, comply to the variety of anatomically modern Homo sapiens. The discovered hand bones (phalanxes) resemble morphology of modern human phalanxes in terms of their size and solidity.
KEYWORDS: Human remains, Teeth, Hand bones, Morphological analysis, Puklinová Cave, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT
ROSTISLAV NEKUDA, MZM – ARCHEOLOGICKÝ ÚSTAV
Archaeological surveys in Mstěnice have brought about a number of remains of granaries, which belonged to individual settlements and a water mill. The table shows that the biggest granary belonged to settlement I. It covered the largest area, had the greatest depth and the longest ditch, which was the only one to be bent in the upper part. Interesting from the construction viewpoint are granaries from settlement II and the mill. Both show substantial changes in their original entrance. The former was secondarily connected to a house by building a hall in between.The original entrance in the corner was walled up and a new entrance was made in a wall facing the yard. The granary within the mill complex had an entrance with stairs in the northwestern corner. It remains unclear why the entrance had been walled up. In terms of the other entrance it is not possible to determine whether it was made there after original one had been walled up, or whether it had been there right from the beginning. Different types of granaries discovered in Mstěnice belong to the oldest examples of this kind of building in the Czech Republic and make a foundation for the study of their development.
KEYWORDS: granaries, Watter Mill, settlement, Mstěnice
ABSTRACT
ZDEŇKA MĚCHUROVÁ, ARCHEOLOGICKÝ ÚSTAV, MORAVSKÉ ZEMSKÉ MUZEUM BRNO
In the Renaissance period the number of iconographic themes and especially floral and geometric motives used
for ceramics and stove tiles decoration encreased but the figurative motives did not loose their significance. On
the contrary, they became a part of bright combinated compositions. Scenes from everyday life and genre pictures
appeared as well.
In this context, the small collection of findings from Velké Němčice (district Břeclav) is very interesting. It
contains several fragments of glazed and unglazed stove tiles with carpet plant decor of Renaissance age. At the
first glance the most important is the relief sculpture of a well dressed, but unattractive man on the backround of
brick colour. The sculpture makes the impression of being a carricature of an old soldier or recruiting sergeant
in period cloathes, a frequent subject of genre pictures. It might be a part of an emblem of the potters‘ guild, but
most probably a corner or apex tile from a Dutch stove.
KEY WORDS: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance, figurative motives, pottery, stove tiles, iconography
ABSTRACT
VÁCLAV KOPECKÝ - A FRUITLESS, AWAKENER OF PUPPETEERS’ TRADITION
JAROSLAV BLECHA, ODDĚLENÍ DĚJIN DIVADLA MORAVSKÉHO ZEMSKÉHO MUZEA, BRNO
(MK00009486202)
The Kopecký puppeteers’ dynasty is famous in the Czech Republic. The name of the legendary Matěj Kopecký (1775–1847) became a symbol of Czech puppetry. He was one of the distinctive puppeteers of his time whose performances stood in for the unique comedians’ theatre of the types in the history of Czech theatre of the 18th and 19th century as a typical developmental element of most European national theatre cultures, and, in Czech provinces, those performances fulfilled the role of Czech theatre. The collection of the Department of Theatre History of the Moravian Museum in Brno keeps proofs of work of Václav Kopecký (1914–1980), a puppeteer whose unfortunate fate shows the crucial circumstances leading to the final decline of Czech marionette theatre, i.e. bureaucratic, ideologically motivated liquidation of private theatre enterprise without regard to any perspectives of its further transformations and development.
KEY WORDS: Czech puppet theatre, travelling marionette theatre, puppetry, tradition, convention, Kopecký’s dynasty, Matěj Kopecký, Václav Kopecký, political aspect of Czech travelling theatre extinction, persecution of private enterprise.
ABSTRACT
HANA KRAFLOVÁ, HISTORICKÉ ODDĚLENÍ, PRACOVIŠTĚ DĚJIN LITERATURY MZM, (MK 00009486202)
The study introduces a typical representative of high-quality routine journalism of the said period in the second biggest city of the Czechoslovak Republic and the capital of the Lands of Moravia and Silesia. Karel Tauš studied at grammar school; he did not finish his studies at the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University; he underwent private training in music. He focused on cultural management, theatre direction and the work of an editor in a publishing house; he published poetry, prose and drama; however, the focal point of his talent was journalism. His effort to produce a big generational novel remained fruitless.
KEY WORDS: Brno – 1st half of the 20th century – journalism – literature