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ACTA MUSEI MORAVIAE - SCIENTIAE SOCIALES 95/1 2010ABSTRACT
V letech 2007–2009 probíhalo řešení grantového projektu, zaměřeného na morfometrickou analýzu hrotitých
bifaciálních artefaktů. Jednou z částí řešení bylo i určení skutečné funkce těchto nástrojů, a to pomocí zkoumání
dochovaných mikroskopických stop. V kontextu překvapivých zjištění u szeletienských listovitých hrotů
(ŠAJNEROVÁ-DUŠKOVÁ 2009; NERUDOVÁ – ŠAJNEROVÁ-DUŠKOVÁ – SADOVSKÝ, v tisku) jsme provedli trasologický
rozbor vybraných bifaciálních nástrojů z jeskyně Kůlny. Výsledky analýzy ukazují, že bifaciální artefakty byly
preferovány spíše na měkčí tkáně a přestože u nich občas pozorujeme kontakt s tvrdým materiálem, kterým by
mohla být kost nebo paroh, jedná se spíše o náhodný impakt v souvislosti s řeznickými pracemi. Ukázalo se, že
k pracovním činnostem byl preferován spíše distální vrchol a přilehlé partie hran artefaktů. U těchto artefaktů
bylo také zjištěno, že šlo hlavně o multifunkční nástroje, sloužící k různým aktivitám, jako je řezání, škrábání,
krájení nebo sekání.
In the years 2007–2009 a grant project was in progress, focused on the morphometric analysis of pointed bifacial
artefacts. The research also included determination of the real function of these tools by examining the
preserved microscopic use-wear traces. Considering the surprising detections in Szeletian leaf points we carried
out a use-wear analysis of selected bifacial tools from the Kůlna Cave. It turned out that in working activities
rather the distal end was preferred, together with adjacent portions of edges of the artefacts. The results of the
analysis show that bifaces were preferably used for softer tissues, and even if we can sometimes observe their
contact with hard material, maybe bone or antler, it is rather an accidental impact associated with butchery
procedures. These artefacts were also identified to be mainly multifunctional tools serving for various activities
such as cutting, scraping, slicing or chopping mostly applied on flesh, skin, less often on bones or antlers. ABSTRACT
The article describes three new collections of 1726 stone artifacts from the Aurignacian site Tvarožná I (southern
Moravia). Two collections (collected by Stanislav Bajer and Petr Kos) consist of all typological categories of
artifacts; the third one contains mainly tools. The industry is specific by the prevalence of the radiolarite from the
White Carpathians in the raw material and by the dominance of burins from the typological point of view.
Aurignacian busqed burins are the most common tool type in the industry. Finally the chronological scheme of
the Aurignacian in the Brno area was suggested. According to this scheme the stone industry from the Tvarožná I
site can be dated back to the late (evolved) Aurignacian (after 28ky BP). ABSTRACT
Povrchové sběry kamenných artefaktů ze čtyř lokalit v okolí Brna: Rudice II – „Hájce“ a Nová Ves u Oslavan
jsou industrie z okruhu aurignacienu, ojedinělý nález z Bořitova Va patří do bohaté kolekce EUP a klínový nůž
z Miroslavi pochází ze středopaleolitického micoquienu. Připojena je geologicko-geomorfologická studie lokality
Nová Ves.
The paper is dealing with surface pick-ups of lithic artefacts from four sites in the surroundings of Brno: Rudice
II – „Hájce“ and Nová Ves u Oslavan could be classified as the Aurignacian, the stray find from Bořitov Va falls
within the voluminous collection of the Middle – to Early Upper Palaeolithic period, and the bifacial backed knife
from Miroslav belongs to the Micoquian-type industry of the Middle Palaeolithic. A geologic-geomorphological
study of the Nová Ves locality is also attached. ABSTRACT
The death and connected funeral rite played an outstanding role for prehistoric populations just as it does for
today's people. Similarly, this was also in the Early Bronze Age when we come across a variety of ways of
treating dead in the Únětice culture. There are burials in features (ritual and nonritual), burials in vessels and of
course on classical burial-grounds recorded. With a contribution of foreign influences, the Věteřov group
developed at the end of the Early Bronze Age from this culture. We register burials in features and burials in
vessels again but the burial-grounds were missing for a long time in our region. Znojmo region played an
important role in funeral rites of Věteřov group. Not only there are nearly all types of burials in settlement
features (Hodonice, Žerotice and others) and burials in vessels (Olbramovice) acquired from there but the first
burial-ground of Věteřov group in Moravia was revealed and excavated there on a site in Borotice (STUCHLÍK
2006)1. |