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'Deputte BL, 1995: Social Ontogeny in Primates: Semantics, Concepts, Facts and Processes. Anthropologie (Brno) 33, 1-2: 83-98'. |
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| Abstract | | ABSTRACTO: ntogeny is one of the most complex issues in biology,a s it includes every process which leads to
living, reproducing individual. When the individual is a primate, because of the dramatic importance of experience
learning and memory processes), and the influence of the social group in which 'he is born, he becomes a unique
eing. Social ontogeny refers to the ontogenetic processes through which a newborn develops into a social individual.
Social ontogeny is a subset of behavioral ontogeny, which is itself a subset of ontogeny. All these terms are first
defined to avoid emptying "Ontogeny " ofitsfundamental and essential meaning. It should be remembered that ontogeny
refers only to an individual. The issue of social ontogeny is addressed using the general framework developed by
Pailman (1982). This framework used a "Phenotype Approach" to ontogeny. The different methods used to describe
the social development were briefly presented. It is emphasized that these methods are inadequate to address the
question of the "Social Ontogeny " which results from complex, highly interactive processes. Multivariate techniques
were described as useful tools for analyzing social ontogenetic processes. The behavioral differentiation and the two
- main socializing processes, the acquisition of a behavioral repertoire and the development of relationships, were
analyzed. Studies of the ontogeny of grey-cheeked mangabeys and rhesus monkeys served as examples. In the former
species the influence of the variety of social environments was investigated, while in the latter one the behavioral sex
differentiation was questioned. With regard to this question, the term "Diposotism" was proposed to specifically refer
to differences infrequency of homologous behaviors betweenf emales and males, whereas "Behavioral Dimorphism
would be restricted to differences in motor patterns bemeen female or male behaviors. The results of these studies
emphasized the importance of interactions on the development of a social individual and the importance of the variety
Ofthe social environments infants are born in. Finally, a modification to Hailman 's ontogeneticfunction was proposed.
This modification is intended to accountfor the specificity of the primate ontogeny, namely its social, hence interactive,
nature. | | | | Keywords | | Social ontogeny - Methodology - Multivariate analyses - Non-human primates | | |
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